Citation Select	COPDGene 2025 Diagnosis Working Group and CanCOLD Investigators; Bhatt SP, Abadi E, Anzueto A, Bodduluri S, Casaburi R, Castaldi PJ, Cho MH, Comellas AP, Conrad DJ, Curtis JL, Dass C, DeMeo DL, Dransfield MT, San José Estépar R, Flenaugh EL, Foreman MG, Fortis S, Gupta A, Han MK, Hanania NA, Hersh CP, Hokanson JE, Humphries SM, Kirby M, Kunisaki KM, Li PZ, Lynch DA, MacIntyre NR, Make BJ, Mannino DM, Martinez FJ, McEvoy CE, Miller BE, Moll M, Nakhmani A, Newell JD Jr, Pratte KA, Regan EA, Reinhardt JM, Rennard SI, Rossiter HB, Strand MJ, Suri R, Wan ES, Wendt CH, Westney GE, Wilson CG, Wise RA, Young KA, Tan WC, Silverman EK, Crapo JD A Multidimensional Diagnostic Approach for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease JAMA. 2025 May 18:e257358. doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.7358. Epub ahead of print
Citation Select	Anzueto A, Barjaktarevic IZ, Siler TM, Rheault T, Bengtsson T, Rickard K, Sciurba F Ensifentrine, a Novel Phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Phase III Trials (the ENHANCE Trials) Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023 Aug 15;208(4):406-416. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202306-0944OC
Citation Select	Yan-Li Yang, Zi-Jian Xiang, Jing-Hua Yang, Wen-Jie Wang, Zhi-Chun Xu, Ruo-Lan Xiang Association of β-blocker use with survival and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eur Heart J. 2020 Dec 7;41(46):4415-4422. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa793
Citation Select	ETHOS Investigators; Rabe KF, Martinez FJ, Ferguson GT, Wang C, Singh D, Wedzicha JA, Trivedi R, St Rose E, Ballal S, McLaren J, Darken P, Aurivillius M, Reisner C, Dorinsky P Triple Inhaled Therapy at Two Glucocorticoid Doses in Moderate-to-Very-Severe COPD N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 24. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1916046. Epub ahead of print
Citation Select	Dobler , Morrow , Beuschel , Farah , Majzoub , Wilson , Hasan , Seisa , Daraz , Prokop , Murad , Wang Pharmacologic Therapies in Patients With Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis Ann Intern Med. 2020 Feb 25. doi: 10.7326/M19-3007. [Epub ahead of print]
Citation Select	Oba Y, Keeney E, Ghatehorde N, Dias S Dual combination therapy versus longacting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review and network meta-analysis Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Dec 3;12(12):CD012620. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012620.pub2
Citation Select	Herath SC, Normansell R, Maisey S, Poole P Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Oct 30;10:CD009764
Citation Select	Zhou Y, Zhong NS, Li X, Chen S, Zheng J, Zhao D, Yao W, Zhi R, Wei L, He B, Zhang X, Yang C, Li Y, Li F, Du J, Gui J, Hu B, Bai C, Huang P, Chen G, Xu Y, Wang C, Liang B, Li Y, Hu G, Tan H, Ye X, Ma X, Chen Y, Hu X, Tian J, Zhu X, Shi Z, Du X, Li M, Liu S, Yu R, Zhao J, Ma Q, Xie C, Li X, Chen T, Lin Y, Zeng L, Ye C, Ye W, Luo X, Zeng L, Yu S, Guan WJ, Ran P Tiotropium in Early-Stage Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease N Engl J Med. 2017 Sep 07;377(10):923-935
Citation Select	Kew KM, Seniukovich A Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;3():CD010115
Citation Select	Suissa S, Patenaude V, Lapi F, Ernst P Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD and the risk of serious pneumonia Thorax. 2013 Nov;68(11):1029-36
Citation Select	COPD Clinical Research Network, Albert RK, Connett J, Bailey WC, Casaburi R, Cooper Jr, Criner GJ, Curtis JL, Dransfield MT, Han MK, Lazarus SC, Make B, Marchetti N, Martinez FJ, Madinger NE, McEvoy C, Niewoehner DE, Porsasz J, Price CS, Reilly J, Scanlon PD, Sciurba FC, Scharf SM, Washko GR, Woodruff PG, Anthonisen NR Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of COPD N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 25;365(8):689-98
Citation Select	Singh S, Loke YK, Enright PL, Furberg CD Mortality associated with tiotropium mist inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials BMJ. 2011 Jun 14;342:d3215. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d3215
Citation Select	Short PM, Lipworth SI, Elder DH, Schembri S, Lipworth BJ Effect of beta-blockers in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study BMJ. 2011 May 10;342:d2549. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d2549
Citation Select	POET-COPD Investigators, Vogelmeier C, Hederer B, Glaab T, Schmidt H, Rutten-van Mölken MP, Beeh KM, Rabe KF, Fabbri LM Tiotropium versus salmeterol for the prevention of exacerbations of COPD N Engl J Med. 2011 Mar 24;364(12):1093-103
Citation Select	BOLD Collaborative Research Group, Lamprecht B, McBurnie MA, Vollmer WM, Gudmundsson G, Welte T, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Studnicka M, Bateman E, Anto JM, Burney P, Mannino DM, Buist SA COPD in Never-Smokers: Results from the population-based BOLD Study Chest. 2010 Sep 30;epub(epub):epub
Citation Select	Gaebel K, Blackhouse G, Robertson D, et al Triple therapy for moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH). 2010 May;127:1-131
Citation Select	Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Jindal SK Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo for preventing COPD exacerbations: a systematic review and metaregression of randomized controlled trials Chest. 2010 Feb;137(2):318-25
Citation Select	Welte T, Miravitlles M, Hernandez P, Eriksson G, Peterson S, Polanowski T, Kessler R Efficacy and tolerability of budesonide/formoterol added to tiotropium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Oct 15;180(8):741-50
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Citation Select	Drummond MB, Dasenbrook EC, Pitz MW, Murphy DJ, Fan E Inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis JAMA. 2008 Nov 26;300(20):2407-16
Citation Select	Zheng JP, Kang J, Huang SG, Chen P, Yao WZ, Yang L, Bai CX, Wang CZ, Wang C, Chen BY, Shi Y, Liu CT, Chen P, Li Q, Wang ZS, Huang YJ, Luo ZY, Chen FP, Yuan JZ, Yuan BT, Qian HP, Zhi RC, Zhong NS Effect of carbocisteine on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PEACE Study): a randomised placebo-controlled study Lancet. 2008 Jun 14;371(9629):2013-8
Citation Select	El Moussaoui R, Roede BM, Speelman P, Bresser P, Prins JM, Bossuyt PM Short-course antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD: a meta-analysis of double-blind studies Thorax. 2008 May;63(5):415-22
Citation Select	Quon BS, Gan WQ, Sin DD Contemporary management of acute exacerbations of COPD: a systematic review and metaanalysis Chest. 2008 Mar;133(3):756-66
Citation Select	Wilt TJ, Niewoehner D, MacDonald R, Kane RL Management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review for a clinical practice guideline Ann Intern Med. 2007 Nov 6;147(9):639-53
Citation Select	Yang Ia, Fong K, Sim E, Black P, Lasserson T, Inhaled corticosteroids for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD002991
Citation Select	Soriano JB, Sin DD, Zhang X, Camp PG, Anderson JA, Anthonisen NR, Buist AS, Burge PS, Calverley PM, Connett JE, Petersson S, Postma DS, Szafranski W, Vestbo J, A pooled analysis of FEV1 decline in COPD patients randomized to inhaled corticosteroids or placebo. Chest. 2007 Mar;131(3):682-9
Citation Select	TORCH investigators; Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, Ferguson GT, Jenkins C, Jones PW, Yates JC, Vestbo J Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 22;356(8):775-89
Citation Select	Stolz D, Christ-Crain M, Bingisser R, Leuppi J, Miedinger D, Müller C, Huber P, Müller B, Tamm M, Antibiotic treatment of exacerbations of COPD: a randomized, controlled trial comparing procalcitonin-guidance with standard therapy. Chest. 2007 Jan;131(1):9-19
Citation Select	Barr RG, Bourbeau J, Camargo CA, Ram FS Tiotropium for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis Thorax. 2006 Oct;61(10):854-62. Epub 2006 Jul 14
Citation Select	Salpeter SR, Buckley NS, Salpeter EE Meta-analysis: anticholinergics, but not beta-agonists, reduce severe exacerbations and respiratory mortality in COPD J Gen Intern Med. 2006 Oct;21(10):1011-9
Citation Select	Hillerdal G, Lofdahl CG, Strom K, Skoogh BE, Jorfeldt L, Nilsson F, Forslund-Stiby D, Ranstam J, Gyllstedt E Comparison of lung volume reduction surgery and physical training on health status and physiologic outcomes: a randomized controlled clinical trial Chest. 2005 Nov;128(5):3489-99
Citation Select	Salpeter S, Ormiston T, Salpeter E Cardioselective beta-blockers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Oct 19;(4):CD003566
Citation Select	Nair S, Thomas E, Pearson SB, Henry MT A randomized controlled trial to assess the optimal dose and effect of nebulized albuterol in acute exacerbations of COPD Chest. 2005 Jul;128(1):48-54
Citation Select	Decramer M, Rutten-van Molken M, Dekhuijzen PN, Troosters T, van Herwaarden C, Pellegrino R, van Schayck CP, Olivieri D, Del Donno M, De Backer W, Lankhorst I, Ardia A Effects of N-acetylcysteine on outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Bronchitis Randomized on NAC Cost-Utility Study, BRONCUS): a randomised placebo-controlled trial Lancet. 2005 Apr 30;365(9470):1552-60
Citation Select	Wood-Baker RR, Gibson PG, Hannay M, Walters EH, Walters JA Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(1):CD001288
Citation Select	Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokaparch S, Woods R, Elliott WM, Buzatu L, Cherniack RM, Rogers RM, Sciurba FC, Coxson HO, Pare PD The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease N Engl J Med. 2004 Jun 24;350(26):2645-53
Citation Select	Sutherland ER, Allmers H, Ayas NT, Venn AJ, Martin RJ Inhaled corticosteroids reduce the progression of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis Thorax. 2003 Nov;58(11):937-41
Citation Select	Barr RG, Rowe BH, Camargo CA Jr Methylxanthines for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: meta-analysis of randomised trials BMJ. 2003 Sep 20;327(7416):643
Citation Select	Fishman A, Martinez F, Naunheim K, Piantadosi S, Wise R, Ries A, Weinmann G, Wood DE; National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group A randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema N Engl J Med. 2003 May 22;348(21):2059-73
Citation Select	Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW Non-invasive ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long term survival and predictors of in-hospital outcome Thorax. 2001 Sep;56(9):708-712
Citation Select	Nevins ML, Epstein SK Predictors of outcome for patients with COPD requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2001 Jun;119(6):1840-1849
Citation Select	ZuWallack RL, Mahler DA, Reilly D, Church N, Emmett A, Rickard K, Knobil K Salmeterol plus theophylline combination therapy in the treatment of COPD Chest. 2001 Jun;119(6):1661-70
Citation Select	Bach PB, Brown C, Gelfand SE, McCrory DC; American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine; American College of Chest Physicians Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a summary and appraisal of published evidence Ann Intern Med. 2001 Apr 3;134(7):600-620
Citation Select	The Lung Health Study Research Group. Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2000 Dec 28;343(26):1902-1909
Citation Select	Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW Early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general respiratory wards: a multicentre randomised controlled trial Lancet. 2000 Jun 3;355(9219):1931-1935
Citation Select	P S Burge, P M A Calverley, P W Jones, S Spencer, J A Anderson, T K Maslen, on behalf of the ISOLDE study investigators Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the ISOLDE trial BMJ. 2000 13 May;320(7245):1297-1303
Citation Select	Davies L, Angus RM, Calverley PM Oral corticosteroids in patients admitted to hospital with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective randomised controlled trial Lancet. 1999 Aug 7;354(9177):456-60
Citation Select	Niewoehner DE, Erbland ML, Deupree RH, Collins D, Gross NJ, Light RW, Anderson P, Morgan NA Effect of systemic glucocorticoids on exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group N Engl J Med. 1999 Jun 24;340(25):1941-7
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